What term describes positively charged ions?

The term that describes positively charged ions is "cations." Cations are formed when an atom loses one or more electrons, resulting in a net positive charge due to an excess of protons over electrons. This process can happen in various chemical reactions or during the ionization of elements.

For example, sodium (Na) can lose one electron to form a sodium cation (Na⁺), which is positively charged. Cations play significant roles in chemical bonding and reactions, particularly in ionic compounds where they pair with negatively charged ions, known as anions, to create stable structures.

Protons, although they are positively charged, refer specifically to a subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom rather than a type of ion. Electrons are negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom and are not classified as ions, while anions represent negatively charged ions formed when atoms gain electrons. Therefore, the distinct definition and role of cations clearly identify them as the correct answer to the question about positively charged ions.