Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell and is the site of ATP production?

The mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell because they are the primary site for ATP (adenosine triphosphate) production through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondria convert energy stored in nutrients into ATP, which cells use as a direct source of energy for various biological processes. The inner membrane of mitochondria contains proteins that facilitate the electron transport chain and ATP synthesis, making them crucial for cellular respiration.

While the nucleus is responsible for housing genetic material and regulating cell activities, ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis, and lysosomes focus on breaking down waste materials within the cell. None of these organelles are directly involved in ATP production, which distinctly highlights the mitochondria's unique role in energy metabolism.