Which process refers to cell suicide?

Apoptosis refers to the controlled process of programmed cell death, often described as "cell suicide." This mechanism is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis and development, allowing damaged or unneeded cells to self-destruct in a way that minimizes harm to surrounding tissue. Unlike necrosis, which is a form of uncontrolled cell death often resulting from injury or disease, apoptosis is a regulated process that involves a series of biochemical events leading to characteristic cellular changes and death.

During apoptosis, a cell undergoes shrinkage, chromatin condensation, and fragmentation into small membrane-bound bodies that can be safely engulfed by surrounding cells or immune cells without inducing an inflammatory response. This process plays a critical role in numerous physiological functions, including tissue development, immune response, and the elimination of potentially cancerous or virus-infected cells.

Understanding apoptosis is essential in various fields such as developmental biology, cancer treatment, and regenerative medicine, highlighting its significance beyond simply being a mechanism of cell death.